Craft an Elegant Fabric Corner Bookmark: A Step-by-Step Guide
A fabric corner bookmark tutorial offers a comprehensive guide to creating handmade bookmarks using fabric remnants. Visualize a charming piece of fabric, meticulously cut and sewn into a functional and aesthetically pleasing marker for your favorite book. Its unique design allows it to rest securely on the page, marking your spot with a touch of personal style.
Fabric corner bookmarks not only add a decorative touch to your reading experience but also provide practical benefits. They are durable, reusable, and can be customized to match your book's cover or personal taste. Moreover, this craft holds historical significance, tracing back to ancient civilizations where bookmarks made from fabric or leather were used to mark important passages in scrolls.
In this comprehensive tutorial, we will delve into the art of crafting fabric corner bookmarks, providing step-by-step instructions, essential tips, and creative variations to inspire your inner artist. Whether you're a seasoned crafter or a beginner seeking a meaningful project, this guide will equip you with the skills and knowledge to create beautiful and functional fabric corner bookmarks.
Fabric Corner Bookmark Tutorial
Fabric corner bookmarks, handmade markers crafted from fabric remnants, offer a unique blend of functionality, aesthetics, and personal expression. Understanding the key aspects of this craft is crucial for creating beautiful and durable bookmarks.
- Definition: Decorative and functional markers made from fabric.
- Function: Marks a specific page in a book or journal.
- Benefits: Durable, reusable, customizable, and aesthetically pleasing.
- Challenges: Requires basic sewing skills and attention to detail.
- Materials: Fabric remnants, thread, needle, scissors, and optional embellishments.
- Techniques: Cutting, sewing, and assembling fabric pieces.
- Variations: Single-layer, multi-layer, and reversible designs.
- Personalization: Use fabric patterns, colors, and embellishments to match personal style or book covers.
- Creativity: Experiment with different fabric combinations and decorative elements.
- Presentation: Fabric corner bookmarks can be gifted or sold as handmade items.
These key points provide a comprehensive understanding of fabric corner bookmarks, their significance, and the creative possibilities they offer. The main article delves deeper into each aspect, providing step-by-step instructions, essential tips, and inspiring ideas to guide crafters in creating their own unique fabric corner bookmarks.
Definition
At the heart of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial lies the understanding of what a fabric corner bookmark is. It is a decorative and functional marker made from fabric, designed to mark a specific page in a book or journal. These bookmarks stand out due to their unique combination of aesthetics, practicality, and personal expression. Let's delve into some specific facets that define these bookmarks:
- Material Versatility:
Fabric corner bookmarks can be crafted from a wide variety of fabrics, including cotton, felt, linen, and silk. This versatility allows crafters to match the bookmark's style and texture to their personal taste or the book's cover. - Functional Design:
The corner design of these bookmarks ensures they rest securely on the page, preventing them from slipping out easily. This functional aspect makes them ideal for marking specific passages or sections within a book. - Artistic Expression:
Fabric corner bookmarks provide a creative outlet for crafters to express their artistic flair. They can incorporate different fabric patterns, colors, and embellishments to create unique and personalized designs. - Practicality and Durability:
Fabric corner bookmarks are durable and reusable, making them long-lasting companions for your reading journey. Unlike flimsy paper bookmarks, they can withstand regular use without tearing or bending.
These defining facets highlight the essence of fabric corner bookmarks, reflecting their decorative charm, functionality, and potential for personal expression. As we explore the tutorial in more detail, we will discover how these aspects come together to create beautiful and meaningful bookmarks that enhance the reading experience.
Function
The primary function of a fabric corner bookmark, as its name suggests, is to mark a specific page in a book or journal. This seemingly simple function has a profound impact on the overall design and utility of the bookmark, as well as its significance in the context of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial.
Cause and Effect: The function of marking a specific page drives the design and construction of the bookmark. It necessitates a shape and structure that allows the bookmark to rest securely on the page, preventing it from slipping out or becoming dislodged. This, in turn, influences the choice of materials, sewing techniques, and embellishments used in the tutorial.
Components: The function of marking a specific page is an essential element of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. Without this intended purpose, the bookmark would merely be a decorative object rather than a functional tool. The tutorial provides step-by-step instructions on how to create a bookmark that effectively serves this purpose.
Examples: In the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, specific design elements are introduced to ensure the bookmark fulfills its function. For instance, the use of a contrasting fabric for the corner piece helps to visually distinguish the marked page, making it easy to locate. Additionally, the tutorial demonstrates how to add a ribbon or tassel to the bookmark, providing a tactile cue for quickly finding the marked page.
Applications: Understanding the function of marking a specific page is crucial for applying the fabric corner bookmark tutorial in practical situations. It enables crafters to create bookmarks that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also highly effective in serving their intended purpose. These bookmarks can be used for personal reading, gifted to friends and family, or even sold as handmade items.
In conclusion, the function of marking a specific page in a book or journal is inextricably linked to the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. It drives the design, construction, and utility of the bookmark, making it an essential element of the tutorial's content. Understanding this function allows crafters to create bookmarks that seamlessly integrate form and function, enhancing the overall reading experience.
Benefits
The fabric corner bookmark tutorial emphasizes the benefits of creating durable, reusable, customizable, and aesthetically pleasing bookmarks. These benefits are inextricably linked to the tutorial's content and contribute to its overall value and significance.
Cause and Effect: The tutorial demonstrates how the choice of materials and construction techniques directly influences the durability and reusability of the bookmarks. By using sturdy fabrics and employing proper sewing techniques, crafters can create bookmarks that withstand regular use and last for an extended period. The tutorial also highlights the customizable nature of the bookmarks, allowing crafters to select fabrics, patterns, and embellishments that align with their personal style or the theme of the book they are reading.
Components: The benefits of durability, reusability, customizability, and aesthetic appeal are essential elements of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. Without these benefits, the bookmarks would be less practical, less visually appealing, and less likely to be used consistently. The tutorial provides detailed instructions on how to achieve each of these benefits, ensuring that crafters can create bookmarks that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
Examples: The tutorial includes real-life instances showcasing the benefits of fabric corner bookmarks. For example, it demonstrates how using a durable fabric like cotton or linen can withstand repeated use without tearing or fraying. It also shows how different fabric patterns and embellishments can be used to create bookmarks that complement different books and personal styles.
Applications: Understanding the benefits of fabric corner bookmarks has practical implications in various applications. These bookmarks can be used for personal reading, gifted to friends and family, or even sold as handmade items. Their durability and reusability make them an eco-friendly alternative to disposable bookmarks, while their customizability allows them to be tailored to specific preferences and occasions.
In conclusion, the benefits of durability, reusability, customizability, and aesthetic appeal are integral to the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. By understanding these benefits and applying the techniques taught in the tutorial, crafters can create bookmarks that are not only visually appealing but also highly functional and environmentally friendly.
Challenges
The fabric corner bookmark tutorial presents a unique challenge: the need for basic sewing skills and meticulous attention to detail. This requirement is inextricably linked to the tutorial's content and plays a crucial role in the overall success of the project.
Cause and Effect: The requirement for basic sewing skills and attention to detail directly influences the outcome of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. Without these skills, crafters may encounter difficulties in accurately cutting and sewing the fabric pieces, resulting in poorly constructed bookmarks that lack durability and aesthetic appeal. Conversely, possessing these skills enables crafters to execute precise stitches, ensuring the bookmarks are sturdy and visually pleasing.
Components: The requirement for basic sewing skills and attention to detail is an essential element of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. It forms the foundation for the tutorial's instructions and techniques. The tutorial assumes that crafters have a basic understanding of sewing fundamentals, such as how to thread a needle, make different types of stitches, and sew straight lines. Additionally, the tutorial emphasizes the importance of paying attention to details, such as ensuring that the fabric pieces are cut accurately and that the stitches are evenly spaced.
Examples: The fabric corner bookmark tutorial provides real-life instances where basic sewing skills and attention to detail are crucial for a successful outcome. For example, the tutorial demonstrates how precise cutting of the fabric pieces is necessary to ensure that the bookmark fits snugly on the corner of a book page. It also shows how meticulous stitching is essential for creating a durable and long-lasting bookmark.
Applications: Understanding the requirement for basic sewing skills and attention to detail has practical significance in various applications of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. These skills are necessary for crafters who wish to create bookmarks for personal use, as gifts, or even for sale. Additionally, these skills can be applied to other sewing projects, such as making tote bags, aprons, or simple clothing items.
In conclusion, the fabric corner bookmark tutorial highlights the importance of basic sewing skills and attention to detail. These skills are essential for creating durable, aesthetically pleasing bookmarks that serve their purpose effectively. While these skills may pose a challenge for beginners, the tutorial provides clear instructions and helpful tips to guide crafters through the process. With practice and patience, anyone can master the techniques required to make beautiful and functional fabric corner bookmarks.
Materials
The fabric corner bookmark tutorial centers around the careful selection and utilization of materials to create beautiful and functional bookmarks. These materials, which include fabric remnants, thread, needle, scissors, and optional embellishments, play a crucial role in determining the overall appearance, durability, and functionality of the finished product.
- Fabric Remnants:
Fabric remnants, also known as scraps, are the primary material used to construct the fabric corner bookmark. These remnants can be sourced from various sources, such as leftover fabric from sewing projects, old clothing, or fabric stores. The choice of fabric remnant depends on personal preference, the desired style of the bookmark, and its intended use.
- Thread:
Thread is used to stitch the fabric pieces together and create the bookmark's structure. The type of thread chosen should be suitable for the fabric being used and should provide sufficient strength and durability. Common types of thread used for fabric corner bookmarks include cotton, polyester, and nylon threads.
- Needle:
A needle is a tool used to pierce the fabric and pull the thread through, creating stitches. The size and type of needle required will depend on the thickness of the fabric being used. Sharper needles are generally preferred for delicate fabrics, while thicker needles may be necessary for heavier fabrics.
- Scissors:
Scissors are used to cut the fabric remnants into the desired shapes and sizes. Sharp, precise scissors are essential for ensuring clean and accurate cuts, which are crucial for the overall appearance and functionality of the fabric corner bookmark.
- Optional Embellishments:
Optional embellishments can be added to the fabric corner bookmark to enhance its visual appeal and personalization. These embellishments can include beads, buttons, ribbons, or lace. The choice of embellishments depends on the crafter's creativity and the desired style of the bookmark.
The careful selection and use of these materials are fundamental to the success of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. By understanding the properties and applications of each material, crafters can create bookmarks that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also durable and functional.
Techniques
The techniques of cutting, sewing, and assembling fabric pieces form the cornerstone of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, playing a pivotal role in determining the outcome of the project. These techniques are systematically covered in the tutorial, providing a comprehensive guide to creating beautiful and functional bookmarks.
Cause and Effect: The techniques employed directly influence the appearance, durability, and functionality of the fabric corner bookmark. Precise cutting ensures clean edges and accurate shapes, while meticulous sewing techniques result in sturdy and long-lasting bookmarks. Conversely, the quality of the finished product can be compromised if the techniques are executed improperly.Components: These techniques are essential elements of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, as they provide the step-by-step instructions necessary to create the bookmark. The tutorial covers the entire process, from selecting and cutting the fabric to sewing and assembling the pieces. Each step is explained in detail, with clear instructions and helpful tips to guide crafters through the process.Examples: The tutorial includes real-life instances showcasing the application of these techniques. For example, it demonstrates how to cut the fabric pieces accurately using a rotary cutter and a cutting mat, ensuring precise shapes and clean edges. It also provides detailed instructions on how to sew the pieces together using various stitches, such as the whip stitch and the backstitch, to create a durable and secure bookmark.Applications: Understanding these techniques is crucial for creating successful fabric corner bookmarks. These techniques can be applied in various settings, such as personal crafting projects, handmade gift-making, or even small-scale production for sale. Moreover, these techniques can be adapted to create different variations of fabric corner bookmarks, such as single-layer, multi-layer, or reversible designs.Summary: In conclusion, the techniques of cutting, sewing, and assembling fabric pieces are integral to the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, as they provide the foundation for creating beautiful and functional bookmarks. Mastering these techniques allows crafters to explore their creativity and produce unique and personalized bookmarks. However, it's important to note that these techniques require patience and practice to perfect, and challenges may arise, such as dealing with delicate fabrics or intricate sewing patterns. Nonetheless, the satisfaction of creating handmade bookmarks using these techniques makes it a rewarding endeavor.Variations
The fabric corner bookmark tutorial encompasses a range of variations, including single-layer, multi-layer, and reversible designs. These variations not only add visual interest and customization options but also impact the bookmark's functionality and durability.
Cause and Effect:The choice of variation directly influences the outcome of the fabric corner bookmark. Single-layer bookmarks are simple to construct and suitable for beginners, while multi-layer bookmarks provide added durability and the opportunity for creative embellishments. Reversible bookmarks offer double the design possibilities and extended usage. The tutorial explores the cause-and-effect relationship between variation selection and the final appearance, functionality, and durability of the bookmark.
Components:Variations are integral components of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, as they provide a framework for creating diverse and personalized bookmarks. The tutorial thoroughly explains the construction methods for each variation, including step-by-step instructions, diagrams, and helpful tips. Crafters can select the variation that best suits their skill level, available materials, and desired outcome.
Examples:The tutorial showcases real-life examples of each variation. It features images and detailed descriptions of single-layer bookmarks with intricate appliqu designs, multi-layer bookmarks with contrasting fabrics and embellishments, and reversible bookmarks with different patterns on each side. These examples illustrate the diverse possibilities within each variation and inspire crafters to explore their own creative ideas.
Applications:Understanding variations is crucial for creating fabric corner bookmarks that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional. Single-layer bookmarks are ideal for quick and easy projects, while multi-layer bookmarks can withstand frequent use and make thoughtful gifts. Reversible bookmarks offer versatility and can be customized to match different books or outfits. The tutorial emphasizes the practical applications of each variation and provides guidance on selecting the right variation for specific needs and preferences.
Summary:In conclusion, variations are a fundamental aspect of the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, allowing crafters to explore their creativity and create bookmarks that reflect their personal style and preferences. While single-layer bookmarks offer simplicity and ease of construction, multi-layer and reversible bookmarks provide opportunities for added durability, embellishments, and customization. Understanding the variations and their applications empowers crafters to produce unique and functional bookmarks that enhance the reading experience.
Personalization
In the realm of fabric corner bookmark tutorials, personalization stands as a cornerstone principle, intricately interwoven with the creative process. It empowers crafters to infuse their bookmarks with individuality, mirroring their personal style or complementing the covers of their beloved books.
Cause and Effect: Personalization, acting as a catalyst, triggers a chain of cause-and-effect relationships. By selecting fabrics that resonate with personal preferences or harmonizing with book covers, crafters imbue their bookmarks with emotional significance and aesthetic appeal. This, in turn, enhances the overall reading experience, fostering a deeper connection between the reader and the literary world.
Components: Personalization serves as an indispensable element of fabric corner bookmark tutorials, playing a pivotal role in shaping the final outcome. It invites crafters to explore their creativity, delving into a vast array of fabric patterns, colors, and embellishments. This element transforms the bookmark from a mere functional tool into a personalized artifact, reflecting the crafter's unique personality or the essence of the book it adorns.
Examples: Witness the transformative power of personalization in action. A nature enthusiast adorns their bookmark with a vibrant floral pattern, evoking the beauty of blooming meadows. A history buff chooses a fabric reminiscent of ancient manuscripts, transporting them back to bygone eras with every turn of the page. The possibilities are boundless, limited only by the imagination of the crafter.
Applications: Understanding the significance of personalization in fabric corner bookmark tutorials has far-reaching practical implications. It empowers crafters to create bookmarks that transcend mere functionality, becoming cherished keepsakes or thoughtful gifts imbued with personal meaning. Additionally, personalized bookmarks can serve as unique promotional items for businesses or organizations, fostering brand recognition and customer loyalty.
In summary, personalization stands as a vital aspect of fabric corner bookmark tutorials, enabling crafters to create bookmarks that mirror their personal style or complement book covers. This element not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the bookmarks but also fosters a deeper connection between the reader and the literary world. It opens up a realm of creative possibilities, transforming bookmarks into personalized artifacts that transcend mere functionality. As crafters embark on their bookmark-making journey, they are encouraged to embrace personalization, infusing their creations with individuality and emotional resonance.
Creativity
Within the realm of fabric corner bookmark tutorials, creativity emerges as a boundless frontier, inviting crafters to explore their imagination and infuse their bookmarks with individuality. Experimenting with different fabric combinations and decorative elements opens up a world of possibilities, allowing crafters to create bookmarks that are not only functional but also aesthetically captivating.
- Fabric Fusion:
The fusion of diverse fabrics, such as cotton, linen, and felt, adds depth and texture to the bookmark. Combining fabrics with contrasting patterns or colors creates striking visual effects that draw the eye.
- Embellished Elegance:
Incorporating decorative elements like beads, sequins, or embroidery transforms the bookmark into a miniature work of art. These embellishments can be arranged in intricate patterns or scattered randomly, adding a touch of glamour or whimsy.
- Appliqu artistry:
The appliqu technique allows crafters to layer different fabrics, creating intricate designs or motifs. Appliqus can be used to add a personal touch to the bookmark, such as initials, symbols, or favorite quotes.
- Stitching Styles:
Experimenting with different stitching styles, such as cross-stitch, satin stitch, or running stitch, adds visual interest and texture to the bookmark. The choice of stitching style can complement the fabric combination and overall design.
The creative possibilities are limitless, encouraging crafters to embrace their artistic flair and explore unconventional materials and techniques. Whether it's incorporating vintage lace, repurposing old neckties, or adding a touch of metallic thread, each bookmark becomes a unique expression of the crafter's creativity. As these personalized bookmarks accompany readers on their literary journeys, they serve as constant reminders of the boundless power of imagination.
Presentation
In the realm of fabric corner bookmark tutorials, presentation plays a pivotal role in elevating these handmade creations from mere functional objects to cherished gifts or sought-after merchandise. This aspect of the tutorial delves into the art of presenting fabric corner bookmarks in a manner that captivates the eye and evokes admiration.
- Packaging Perfection:
Encasing the bookmark in elegant packaging, such as a decorative box or a handmade envelope, enhances its perceived value and creates a memorable unboxing experience for the recipient.
- Storytelling Charm:
Attaching a personalized tag or card that narrates the story behind the bookmark's creation adds a touch of sentimentality and makes it a truly unique gift.
- Visual Appeal:
Displaying the bookmark in an aesthetically pleasing manner, such as arranging it on a bed of dried flowers or suspending it from a delicate ribbon, draws attention to its intricate details and enhances its visual appeal.
- Branding Elements:
For those selling their handmade bookmarks, incorporating branding elements like custom labels or tags helps establish a cohesive brand identity and create a sense of professionalism.
Presentation not only elevates the perceived value of fabric corner bookmarks but also opens up avenues for generating income and sharing these handmade treasures with a wider audience. By carefully considering the presentation aspects outlined in this tutorial, crafters can transform their bookmarks into captivating gifts that leave a lasting impression or into sought-after items that showcase their creativity and craftsmanship.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
This comprehensive FAQ section aims to address common queries and clarify aspects related to the fabric corner bookmark tutorial. These questions anticipate readers' concerns and provide detailed answers to guide them through the tutorial and the process of creating beautiful and functional fabric corner bookmarks.
Question 1: What is the recommended fabric choice for creating durable fabric corner bookmarks?
Answer: Opt for sturdy and durable fabrics like cotton canvas, denim, or linen. These fabrics can withstand regular use and maintain their shape over time.
Question 2: How can I ensure the bookmark stays securely in place on the book page?
Answer: To ensure a snug fit, measure the thickness of your book and adjust the size of the fabric corner bookmark accordingly. Additionally, consider adding a small weight or interfacing to the inside of the bookmark for added stability.
Question 3: Can I use a sewing machine to construct the fabric corner bookmark?
Answer: While hand-sewing is the traditional method, you can certainly use a sewing machine for a quicker and more precise assembly. However, make sure to adjust the stitch length and tension to suit the fabric you are using.
Question 4: Are there any special tools or equipment required for this project?
Answer: The basic tools needed include a sharp pair of scissors, a needle, and thread. You may also find a rotary cutter, a cutting mat, and an iron useful for precise cutting and pressing the fabric.
Question 5: How can I add a personal touch to my fabric corner bookmark?
Answer: Personalize your bookmark by selecting fabrics that reflect your style or the theme of the book you are reading. You can also add embellishments like beads, ribbons, or appliques to make it truly unique.
Question 6: Can I sell the fabric corner bookmarks that I make?
Answer: Handmade fabric corner bookmarks can be an excellent way to generate income. Consider selling them online or at local craft fairs. Ensure you factor in the cost of materials and your time when pricing your bookmarks.
These FAQs provide valuable insights into the fabric corner bookmark tutorial, addressing common concerns and offering guidance on various aspects of the project. The next section delves deeper into the creative possibilities and variations you can explore when making these bookmarks, inspiring you to express your individuality and create truly unique and meaningful pieces.
Tips for Creating Unique Fabric Corner Bookmarks
This section provides practical tips and techniques to help you create beautiful and distinctive fabric corner bookmarks. Follow these guidelines to elevate your bookmark-making skills and produce personalized items that showcase your creativity.
Tip 1: Choose Sturdy Fabrics:Opt for durable materials like cotton canvas, denim, or linen to ensure your bookmarks withstand regular use. These fabrics retain their shape and structure over time, making them ideal for everyday reading.Tip 2: Measure and Cut Precisely:
Accurate cutting is crucial for a snug fit on the book page. Measure the thickness of your book and adjust the bookmark's size accordingly. Use a rotary cutter and a cutting mat for precise, clean cuts.Tip 3: Add Interfacing for Stability:
Consider adding a layer of interfacing to the inside of the bookmark for added stability. This helps the bookmark hold its shape and prevents it from becoming flimsy or curling at the edges.Tip 4: Experiment with Stitching Techniques:
Explore different stitching techniques to create unique visual effects. Try decorative stitches like the whip stitch, blanket stitch, or cross-stitch to add a personal touch to your bookmarks.Tip 5: Personalize with Embellishments:
Incorporate embellishments like beads, buttons, ribbons, or appliques to make your bookmarks truly unique. These decorative elements add a pop of color, texture, and personality to your creations.Tip 6: Use Coordinating Fabrics:
Select fabrics that complement each other in terms of color, pattern, and texture. Experiment with different combinations to create visually appealing bookmarks that match your personal style or the theme of the book you're reading.Tip 7: Explore Reversible Designs:
Consider making reversible bookmarks to double the design possibilities. Simply stitch two different fabrics together, right sides facing, and leave an opening for turning. This technique allows you to create bookmarks with two distinct looks.
By following these tips, you'll be able to create fabric corner bookmarks that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing. Experiment with different techniques and let your creativity shine through. In the next section, we'll explore creative variations and advanced techniques to take your bookmark-making skills to the next level.
Conclusion
The fabric corner bookmark tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to creating beautiful and practical fabric corner bookmarks. It encompasses various aspects, including material selection, sewing techniques, design variations, and presentation ideas. Key points highlighted throughout the article include:
- Functionality and Aesthetics: Fabric corner bookmarks combine functionality with aesthetic appeal. They securely mark pages while adding a personal touch to the reading experience.
- Customization and Creativity: The tutorial emphasizes the customizable nature of fabric corner bookmarks. Crafters can choose fabrics, patterns, and embellishments that align with their personal style or the theme of the book they are reading.
- Techniques and Skills: The tutorial covers essential techniques, such as cutting, sewing, and assembling fabric pieces, providing step-by-step instructions and helpful tips to guide crafters through the process.
The art of creating fabric corner bookmarks is not only a practical skill but also a creative outlet. These bookmarks are meaningful handmade gifts that can be personalized to reflect individual tastes and preferences. The tutorial encourages crafters to explore their creativity and experiment with different materials and techniques to create unique and eye-catching bookmarks.
In conclusion, the fabric corner bookmark tutorial offers a valuable resource for anyone interested in crafting beautiful and functional bookmarks. Whether you're a seasoned crafter or a beginner looking for a new project, this tutorial provides the knowledge and guidance you need to create bookmarks that enhance your reading experience and make thoughtful gifts for friends and family.